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Domestic Violence Affects Families of All Racial, Ethnic,
and Economic Backgrounds
It is a Widespread and Destructive Problem in Latino Communities
While domestic violence is a crime
whose victims are largely women and children, it is regarded as a substantial
public health problem with multiple and serious consequences and costs
for entire families and communities, regardless of ethnic, racial, or
economic backgrounds.
Domestic Violence in the General Population
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Nearly 1 in 3 adult women experience physical assault
by a partner during adulthood.
[1] Nearly 5.3 million intimate partner victimizations
occur each year among U.S. women ages 18 and older. This violence
results in nearly 2 million injuries and 1,300 deaths.
[2]
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Women, ages 16 to 24, and women in families with
incomes below $10,000 were more likely than other women to be victims
of violence by an intimate, [3]
and an American Journal of Public Health article states that
severe spousal abuse is twice as likely to be committed by unemployed
men as by those working full time. [4]
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Approximately 324,000 women each year are abused
by their intimate partner during their pregnancy. [5]
A 1999 study from John Hopkins, showed that abused women
are more likely to give birth to low birth weight children, a risk
factor for neonatal and infant deaths. [6]
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Violence against women by intimates is chronic
in nature. Of the women raped by an intimate, 51.2% reported
being victimized multiple times by the same partner. It is estimated
that 1.5 million women in the U.S. are raped and/or physically assaulted
by an intimate partner annually and that approximately 4.8 million
intimate partner rapes and physical assaults are perpetrated against
women every year in this country.
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American Psychological
Association. (1996). Violence and the Family: Report of the American
Psychological Association Presidential Task Force on Violence and the
Family.
[2] Centers for Disease Control
[3]
Rennison, C. M. & Welchans, S. (2000). Intimate Partner Violence,
Special Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice,
Bureau of Justice Statistics.
[4] Campbell, J., et.al. (2003). Risk Factors for Femicide
in Abusive Relationships: Results From a Multisite Case Control Study.
American Journal of Public Healt, 93(7): 1089-1097.
[5] Gazmarian, J. A., Petersen, R., Spitz, A.
M., Goodwin, M. M., Saltzman, L. E., & Marks, J. S. (2000).
Violence and Reproductive Health: Current knowledge and future research
directions. Maternal and Child Health Journal,4(2): 79-84.
[6] Heise, L., Ellsberg, M. & Gottemoeller, M.
(1999). Ending Violence Against Women. Population Reports, Series
L (11). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health,
Population Information Program.
[7] Tjaden, P., & Thoenes, N. (2000). Extent, Nature, and
Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence: Findings from the National
Violence Against Women Survey. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department
of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, NCJ 181867.
[8] The United States Conference of Mayors. (1999).
A Status Report on Hunger and Homelessness in American Cities. 94.
See also, Zorza, J. (1991). Woman Battering: A Major Cause of Homelessness.
Clearinghouse Review, 25(4):421.
[9] National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.
(2003). Costs of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the United
States. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
[10] Meyer, (1994). Crime and Victimization Report.
National Victim Center.
[11] American Psychological Association. (1996). Violence
and the Family: Report of the American Psychological Association Presidential
Task Force on Violence and the Family. Washington, D.C.: American
Psychological Association. P. 80.
[12] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
Children's Bureau, National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System, 2001.
[13] "Intergenerational Transmission of Partner
Violence: A 20-Year Prospective Study," Miriam K. Ehrensaft and
Patricia Cohen, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
and New York State Psychiatric Institute, Jocelyn Brown, Columbia University
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Elizabeth Smailes, Henian Chen,
and Jeffrey G. Johnson, Columbia University College of Physicians and
Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute; Journal of Consulting
and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 71, No. 4.
16] Teen Relationship Abuse Fact Sheet, City of New
York, March 1998.
[17] The Commonwealth Fund Survey of the Health of
Adolescent Girls. (1997). New York: The Commonwealth Fund.
18] 2000 Pennsylvania prison study, cited by SAFENET,
Erie, PA
19] Bureau of Justice Statistics (1995). Violence
Against Women: Estimates from the Redesigned Survey. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, NCJ-154348.
[20] Straus, M. A. & Smith, C. (1990). Violence
in Hispanic families in the United States: Incidence rates and structural
interpretations. In M. A. Straus & R. J. Gelles (Eds.). Physical
Violence in American Families: Risk Factors and Adaptations to violence
in 8,145 families. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers,
(pp. 341-367).
[21] Sorensen, S. B., & Telles, C. A. (1991).
Self Reports of Spousal Violence in a Mexican-American and non-Hispanic
White Population. Violence and Victims, 3:3-15.
[22] Associate Press, April 5, 2005, http://www.myrtlebeachonline.com
[23] Kaufman Kantor, J. L., & Aldarondo, E. (1994).
Sociocultural Status and Incidence of Marital Violence in Hispanic Families.
Violence and Victims, 9(3):207-222.
[24] CIRRS (1990), cited in D. Jang, D. Lee, &
R. Morello-Rosch. (1991). Domestic violence in the immigrant and refugee
community: Responding to the needs of immigrant women. Response,
13(4), 2-7.
[25] Rodr’guez, R. (1998). Clinical interventions
with battered migrant farm worker women. In J. C. Campbell (Ed.), Empowering
Survivors of Abuse: Health Care for Battered Women and Their Children.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Pp. 271-279.
[26] Rivera, J. (1997-1998). Preliminary Report: Availability
of Domestic Violence Services for Latina Survivors in New York State,
In the Public Interest, 16(1).
[27] Anderson, M. J. (1993). A License to Abuse:
the Impact of Conditional Status on Female Immigrants. Yale Law Journal,
102(6).
28] Perilla, J. L. & Perez, F. (2002). A program
for immigrant Latino men who batter within the context of a comprehensive
family intervention. In E. Aldarondo & F. Mederos (Eds.) Programs
for Men Who Batter: Intervention and Prevention Strategies in a Diverse
Society, (pp. 11-1 Ð 11-31).
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For help
please call:
The National
Domestic Violence Hotline:
1-800-799-7233 (SAFE)
The New York State Spanish Domestic Violence Hotline:
Español:
1-800-942-6908
English:
1-800-942-6906 |