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Annotated Bibliography 
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Walker, L.E.A. (1999). "Psychology and Domestic Violence Around
the World." American Psychologist, 54(1), 21-29.
Language: English
Psychologists around the world have made contributions in research,
clinical assessment, and intervention and prevention of domestic violence.
Each country has unique factors that determine the services and resources
available to battered women, children exposed to domestic violence,
and abusive partners. However, it is the interaction among gender, political
structure, religious beliefs, attitudes toward violence in general,
and violence towards women, as well as state- sponsored violence, such
as civil conflicts and wars, and the migration within and between countries,
that ultimately determine women's vulnerability and safety. This article
reviews the latest psychological research and applications to intervention
and prevention programs. An introduction to the various articles (in
this issue of American Psychologist) that compose this international
perspectives section is also included.
Weber, J. L., O’Brien, M., (1999). "Latino children’s
responses to simulated interparental conflict." Cognitive Therapy
and Research, 23(3), 247-270.
Language: English
This study consisted of seventy Latino children from homes with physically
aggressive and nonphysically aggressive marital conflict. These children
reported affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses to simulated
marital conflicts varying in intensity and content. The results from
the study concluded that children who have witnessed marital violence
expect more conflict escalation than do children who have not witnessed
marital violence. The results also supported several aspects of the
Grych and Fincham’s (1990) cognitive-contextual theory.
Wessel L., et al. (1997). "Providing Sanctuary for Battered Women:
Nicaragua's Casas de la Mujer." Issues in Mental Health Nursing,
18(5), 455-476.
Language: English
A combination of participant observation and in-depth interviews (ten
with key informants and twenty-one with battered women) was used to investigate
wife battering in Nicaragua and the Casas de la Mujer, or women's centers,
that have been established to help abused women. The results are presented
within the context of the historical and structural realities of women's
lives in Nicaragua and the sanctions and sanctuary framework of cultural
analysis of wife battering. Nicaraguan wife battering is exacerbated in
the context of cultural traditions of acceptance of wife beating, machismo,
and the recent history of warfare. Findings about the relationship context
and intervention outcomes were similar to those found in studies of battered
women and shelters in the United States. The results were generally supportive
of the framework, demonstrating the importance of women's solidarity groups,
community sanctions against domestic violence, and sanctuary for battered
women.
West, C. M. (1998). "Lifting the “political gag order”:
Breaking the silence around partner violence in ethnic minority families."
In J. L. Jasinski & L. M. Williams (Eds.) Partner Violence: A
Comprehensive Review of 20 years of Research (pp. 184-209). Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage.
Language: English
This chapter provides domestic violence prevalence rates for Latino/a,
African American, and Asian American populations. West points out the
discrepancies among studies and cites authors who have found no differences
in rates of partner assaults between Mexican Americans and Anglos in
community (Neff et al, 1995), clinical (Mirande & Pérez,
1987), and shelter (Torres, 1991) samples, as well as national surveys
that have reported higher rates (Straus & Smith, 1990) and lower
rates (Sorenson & colleagues, 1996) of partner abuse among Latino
couples as compared to Anglo couples, using the Conflict Tactics Scale.
The author points out possible methodological flaws, including the perception
of Latinos/as as a homogeneous group and the use of only English-speaking
participants. West also cites an article by Kaufman Kantor and her colleagues
(1994) who conducted face-to-face bilingual interviews with a national
probability sample that oversampled Latinos. Their findings indicate
that Puerto Rican husbands were 2 times more likely than Anglo husbands
and 10 times more likely than Cuban husbands to assault their partners.
West, C.M., Kantor, G.K. & Jasinski, J.L. (1998). "Sociodemographic
Predictors and Cultural Barriers to Help-Seeking Behavior by Latina and
Anglo American Battered Women." Violence and Victims, 13(4),
1-15.
Language: English
Data from a national survey were used to investigate the help-seeking
efforts of 1,970 Latinas (Mexican, Mexican American, Puerto Rican) and
Anglo American women who experienced battering by intimate partners.
The findings revealed that battered Latinas were significantly younger,
less educated, and more impoverished than Anglo women. Additionally,
Latinas more often categorized their marriages as male dominated and
their husbands as heavy drinkers. Bivariate analyses showed that Latinas
who sought help were significantly more acculturated and more likely
to have a heavy drinking husband than those who did not seek help. Although
battered women were active help seekers, Latinas underutilized both
informal and formal resources relative to Anglo women, with Mexican
women least likely to seek assistance. When sociodemographic predictors
of help seeking were analyzed, being youthful and Anglo significantly
increased the odds of help-seeking efforts. Low acculturation, as measured
by preference for the Spanish language, was the only significant cultural
barrier to help seeking by Latinas. ((c) 1999 APA/PsycINFO, all rights
reserved)
Wiist, W.H., & McFarlane, J. (1998). "Severity of Spousal and
Intimate Partner Abuse to Pregnant Hispanic Women." Journal of
Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 9(3), 248-261.
Language: English
Abuse to pregnant women can result in complications to maternal and
child health. This study assessed the severity of intimate male partner
abuse to Hispanic pregnant women receiving prenatal care at an urban
public health department. Subjects responded to the Severity of Violence
Against Women Scale, and provided socio-demographic data. The mean age
of the 329 pregnant, abused Hispanic women was 24 years (range 15-42
years). The women had an average of eight years of education, annual
incomes of less than $10,000, and most spoke only Spanish. In all, 30%
of the women had been threatened with death, 18% had been threatened
with a knife or gun, 80% had been shaken or roughly handled, 71% pushed
or shoved, and 64% slapped on the face and head. Pregnant, abused Hispanic
women experience abuse of sufficient severity to pose a risk to maternal
and child health. Prenatal care provides a window of opportunity for
routine abuse assessment and counseling for low-income, Hispanic pregnant
women. ((c) 1998APA/PsycINFO, all rights reserved)
Wiist, W.H., & McFarlane, J. (1998). "Utilization of Police
by Abused and Pregnant Women." Violence Against Women, 4(6),
677-693.
Language: English
Describes the association of the severity of abuse among pregnant Hispanic
women and their use of police as a community resource. 329 Hispanic prenatal
patients (aged 15-42 years) at urban public health clinics, who were assessed
during routine prenatal care as abused, completed the Severity of Violence
Against Women Scales (L. Marshall, 1992) and were asked about frequency
and effectiveness of their utilization of police. Of the 23% who had used
the police, 72% reported that police were very or somewhat effective.
Of the women who had used police, 37% said that the violence had ended
compared with 22% of the nonusers. Women who had used the police in the
past 12 months had experienced more severe abuse than those women who
had not. Longitudinal research is needed to determine whether increased
severity precedes or follows abused women's use of the police so that
the women may be counseled appropriately. ((c) 1999 APA/PsycINFO, all
rights reserved).
Williams, K.C. (1994)." Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality,
Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color." In M. A.
Fineman & R. Mykitiuk, (Eds.). The Public Nature of Private Violence
(pp. 93-118). Routledge.
Language: English
The author illustrates how patterns of subordination intersect in women’s
experiences of domestic violence. While the intersection of race, gender
and class constitute the primary structural elements of the experience
of many Black and Latina women in shelters for battered women, there
are other sites where structures of power intersect, including immigration
status and language barriers. Focusing on two dimensions of male violence
against women–battering and rape–-this article considers
how the experiences of women of color are frequently the product of
intersecting patterns of racism and sexism, and how these experiences
tend not to be represented within the discourse of either feminism or
antiracism. In the first part of the article, the author discusses structural
intersectionality, the ways in which the location of women of color
at the intersection of race and gender makes their actual experience
of domestic violence, rape, and remedial reform qualitatively different
from that of a white woman. The focus of the second part of the article
is on political intersectionality, where she analyzes how both feminist
and antiracist politics have functioned in tandem to marginalize the
issue of violence against women of color. At the end, the article examines
the implications of the intersectional approach within the broader scope
of contemporary identity politics.
Women Against Abuse. (1994). Subsistiendo la Violencia Doméstica:
Manual de Ayuda para la Mujer {Surviving Domestic Violence: A Help
Manual for Women]. Philadelphia, PA: Congreso de Latinos Unidos, Mujeres
Contra el Maltrato, Las Mujeres en Transición.
Language: Spanish
This book, written and published by a community based organization
in Philadelphia, provides basic information regarding resources and
services for battered women, as well as a history of Women Against Abuse.
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